DATU ACHE

• He helped unite the leaders of Sulu.
• He unjustly suffered imprisonment in Manila after joining a diplomatic mission there.
• He successfully planned and led Muslim attacks on the Spanish shipyards in Camarines and Bagutao.

SULTAN JAMALU’L ALAM

• He defended Jolo against the Spanish invasion of 1876.
• He transferred his capital to Maimbung, and from there continued the war using the juramentados, Muslims who take an oath to kill non-Muslims.  Their attacks forced the Spaniards to leave.
• He signed a treaty of peace with Spain in 1878.
• Date of Death:  1880

DATU ALAMADA

• He continued Datu Ali’s resistance to American rule in Cotabato after Ali’s death in 1906.
• With 300 men, he led attacks on American colonial forces in Buldon and Upper Cotabato, and commanded the loyal support of thousands of Muslims.
• His influence was so strong that the Americans thought of hiring assassins to destroy him.  He refused to surrender to the Americans, preferring to surrender to a Filipino official in 1913.

DATU ALI

• Known as Rajah Buayan, he was the ruler of the Upper Valley of Cotabato and was the acknowledged leader of the Maguindanaos in the 1900s.
• He led the revolt against the American government from 1903 to 1906, first fighting the enemy in open battle, and then using guerilla warfare.
• His brother Djimbagan was captured at Fort Serenaya and then used as hostage to force him to surrender, but he did not yield.  He continued to fight until October, when in the Battle of Simpetan, he and most of his men were killed.  In another battle later that month, three of his sons were also killed.
• Date of Death: October 22, 1906

SULTAN ALIMUDIN I or AZIM-UB DIN

• He was one of the first Muslim leaders to forge friendly relations with Spain by signing a peace treaty in 1737.
• He revised the Sulu Code of Laws and prepared the Arabic-Sulu vocabularies for all Muslim priests.
• During his unjust imprisonment in Manila in 1751, he facilitated, through his daughter Fatima, the release of 50 Christians in Jolo.

DATU AMPUANAGUS

• He led a battle against the American colonial government in 1903, when his fort at Taraca in Lanao was assaulted and captured by American forces.  Two hundred of his men were killed.  He surrendered along with six other datus and 22 warriors.
• He resumed the war in 1906 by ambushing an American force sent from Camp Keithley to destroy him.  Later, a bigger battle in Didanganin greatly diminished his forces.
• In 1908, he and his men attacked American forces in Dansalan with only 20 rifles.
• He later surrendered after the negotiations between Muslim leaders and the American government, marking the end of Muslim resistance to American rule.  It was only in 1935 that hostilities between the two resumed.

MAHARAJAH ANDUNG

• He led an attack on Camp Rumbough, an American detachment, in 1903.
• He built forts in many places, including in Tumpak, Kaunayan, Sangai-Tunggal, Kamasarin, and Sinumaan.
• The Americans attacked his fort at Sinumaan.  The trenches he built around the fort did not stop the enemy from advancing.  He and 74 other warriors were killed in battle.
• Date of Death: 1903 (?)

HADJI BUTU ABDUL BAQUI

• At 16, he served as prime minister of the Sultanate of Sulu.
• A master of the Koran and Arabic, he made use of his learning by continuously working for peace among the Sulu leaders and between the latter and the Spanish and American colonizers.
• Time and again, he was able to prevent bloodshed by pacifying his people, especially during the early American rule.
• Date of Birth  :  1865
• Place of Birth:  Jolo
• Date of Death: Feburary 22, 1938

SULTAN BANTILAN or SULTAN MUIZ-UD-DIN

• This younger brother of Alimudin led a raid against government settlements in the Visayas in the 1750s.
• Despite a rivalry with his brother over the Jolo sultanate, he brought about his brother’s release from prison in Manila by writing a petition to the Spanish governor-general to review his case, and reciprocated the latter’s peace efforts.

SULTAN PANGIRAN BUDDIMAN or MUHAMAD UL-HALIM

• He defended Jolo against the Spaniards in 1578, but lost the battle.  He was forced to pay pearls in tribute.  He vowed to continue resisting Spanish rule in Jolo.

KAPITAN LAUT BUISAN

• He became chief of Maguindanao after the reign of his brother, Datu Salikula.
• He defended, but lost, his land in the Battle of Buayan in 1597.
• He joined Raja Sirungan, the Raja Mura, in conducting raids against the Spanish settlements in Cuyo and Calamianes in 1602, using 100 boats and 100 men from each of the Maguindanao villages.
• Date of Death: 1619

DATU DIMASANKAY

• As ruler of Maguindanao in 1579, he led in defending their land against the Spanish invaders.  The Maguindanaos won the battle.

PANGLIMA HASSAN

• As chief of Look, he led some 4,000 Moro warriors in the attack on the American fort at Jolo in 1903.
• He was captured while defending his camp at Lake Seit in November 1903, but he soon escaped.
• He resumed the war in February 1904 when, together with Datus Laksamana and Usap, he attacked the pro-American Sultan Kiram and his forces in the battle of Pampang.  He lost in the battle, and was later killed with his two companions along the crater of Bud Bagsak.
• Date of Death: March 1904

JIKIRI