JIKIRI

• A Samal (called Sama by fellow Muslims), he led a group of Moro warriors in an attack against the American Constabulary.  His rebellion was a protest against the abolition of native leaders.  Later, he captured the Borneans who had been tasked to pursue him.
• He took a last stand, together with his warriors, and their women and children, against the American troops in a cave on Patian island near Jolo.  He and his companions were all killed.
• Place of Birth:  Islet of Para, off Jolo
• Date of Death: July 4, 1909

SULTAN KUDARAT

• He united the Muslim clans in Cotabato, Lanao, and Basilan, and ruled for 50 years.
• He led many raids and battles against Spain from 1634 up to 1637.  In 1637, he was defeated, but was able to escape despite a bullet wound.  Thus, he was again able to lead his clan in battle from 1655 to 1668.
• He inspired the Maranaos to oppose the building of a Spanish fort near Lake Lanao, thus saving Mindanao for Islam.
• Before his death, he instructed his followers to forge a peace treaty with Spain.
• Date of Birth  :  1581
• Place of Birth:  Maguindanao
• Date of Death: 1671

DATU MALINUG or TAHIR-UD-DIN

• He led the defenders of Maguindanao against Spanish attacks in 1734.  The first attack occurred at dawn, and the second lasted for three hours.  The Muslims won.
• Date of Death: 1748

MARTYRS OF THE BATTLE OF BUD BAGSAK

• Bud Bagsak is a mountain in Northern Jolo.  There, hundreds of 500 Moro men, women, and children gathered and built a stone fort during the first months of 1913.
• On June 11, the American military attacked.  The Muslims led by their Nakil Amil bravely defended their fort, first with guns and bullets and then with knives and bolos.  But, after four days, Bud Bagsak, along with every warrior, woman, and child, fell.
• Date of the Martyrs’ Death: June 15, 1913

MARTYRS OF THE BATTLE OF BUD DAJO

• When the American military went to Jolo, a large group of Tausug families immediately defied their rule by refusing to pay taxes.  The Tausugs decided to resist American rule and live on Mt. Dajo, an extinct volcano.
• The Americans, under Governor Leonard Wood, decided to attack their settlement.  The battle lasted for three days in early 1906.  At the end of the battle, more than 600 men, women, and children were killed.
• Date of the Martyrs’ Death: March 7, 1906

DATU AMAI PAKPAK or DATU AKADIR

• In 1924, he led a movement against the government.  He believed that the spirit of Saruang, a dead leader, and those of others killed earlier by government troops, had come back to avenge their death.  The movement spread to many villages in Lanao, but was shattered by Pandak’s own death.

PANGINAN SARIKULA

• Son of Rajah Bungsu
• He joined in conducting the earliest Muslim raids against the Spaniards in retaliation to Spanish attempts to colonize Mindanao in July 1599.
• He retaliated against Spanish expeditions by launching a series of raids against Luzon and Visayas in 1645-1648.  These raids halted Spanish advance into Mindanao for the next 50 years.
• Date of Death: 1648

SIRONGAN or  SILONGAN

• Rajah of Buayan
• He led the Buayanes against the Spaniards in the Battle of Buayan in Cotabato in 1596.
• Together with his brother Datu Ubal, he successfully pushed back the enemy into the coast of the Rio Grande, thus thwarting the first Spanish attempt to colonize Buayan.
• He killed Esteban Rodriguez de Figueroa who lead the first Spanish expedition to Cotabato.
• In 1599, he joined forces with Datu Sali of Maguindanao in attacking the Spanish colonies in the Visayas.

DATU TAGAL

• This brother of Sultan Kudarat led for eight months a fleet of seven ships in attacking the Spanish-held areas in the Visayas.
• On his way home to Mindanao, his forces were pursued and engaged in battle by the Spaniards.  He, a younger brother, and 300 other warriors were killed in combat.
• Date of Death: December 21, 1936

DATU TUNGUL

• In June 1902, he led an attack on American forces near Camp Vicars to manifest Muslim resistance to American presence in Lanao.   He later ran amuck and was killed.
• Date of Death: 1903

DATU UBAL

• In the Battle for Buayan in 1596, this brother of Raja Sirungan killed the leader of the Spanish invaders of Sulu.  Thus, he preserved the freedom of the Kingdom of Buaya.

DATU USAP

• Inspired by a pandita from Mecca, he led a revolt against the Americans in the Luuk district in Sulu.  He was killed in combat.
• Date of Death: 1905

DATU UTU or UTO

• He fought the Spaniards in many battles to defend his capital Bakat several times, but he lost it eventually in 1886.
• He signed a peace treaty with the Spaniards in 1887.
• Date of Birth  :  1860
• Place of Birth:  Biayan, Maguindanao
• Date of Death: 1888

SULTAN MUWALLIL WASIT BUNGSU

• He led 2,000 warriors in raiding the Spanish shipyards in Camarines in 1627.
• He defended Jolo against Spanish attack in 1638.  However, sickness within the fort forced him and the other datus to surrender after three months of fighting.  He escaped soon after.  He was one of the greatest leaders of Sulu.  Under him, the Sultanate of Sulu reached its peak.

Source: Ang Mga Pilipino sa Ating Kasaysayan : A Centennial Resource Book. 1998. Published by The Philippine Centennial Commission in cooperation with the Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication.